The Role of Islam in African Slavery

The Role of Islam in African Slavery Slavery has been rife throughout all of ancient history. Most, if not all, ancient civilizations practiced this institution and it is described (and defended) in early writings of the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Egyptians. It was also practiced by early societies in Central America and Africa. The Quran prescribes a humanitarian approach to slavery: free men could not be enslaved, and those faithful to foreign religions could live as protected persons, dhimmis, under Muslim rule (as long as they maintained payment of taxes called Kharaj and Jizya). However, the spread of the Islamic Empire resulted in a much harsher interpretation of the law. For example, if a dhimmi was unable to pay the taxes they could be enslaved, and people from outside the borders of the Islamic Empire were considered an acceptable source of slaves. Although the law required owners to treat slaves well and provide medical treatment, a slave had no right to be heard in court (testimony was forbidden by slaves), had no right to property, could marry only with permission of their owner, and was considered to be a chattel, that is the (moveable) property, of the slave owner. Conversion to Islam did not automatically give a slave freedom nor did it confer freedom to their children. Whilst highly educated slaves and those in the military did win their freedom, those used for basic duties rarely achieved freedom. In addition, the recorded mortality rate was high this was still significant even as late as the nineteenth century and was remarked upon by western travelers in North Africa and Egypt. Slaves were obtained through conquest, tribute from vassal states, offspring (children of slaves were also slaves, but since many slaves were castrated this was not as common as it had been in the Roman empire), and purchase. The latter method provided the majority of slaves, and at the borders of the Islamic Empire vast number of new slaves were castrated ready for sale. The majority of these slaves came from Europe and Africa there were always enterprising locals ready to kidnap or capture their fellow countrymen. Black Africans were transported to the Islamic empire across the Sahara to Morocco and Tunisia from West Africa, from Chad to Libya, along the Nile from East Africa, and up the coast of East Africa to the Persian Gulf. This trade had been well entrenched for over 600 years before Europeans arrived, and had driven the rapid expansion of Islam across North Africa. By the time of the Ottoman Empire, the majority of slaves were obtained by raiding in Africa. Russian expansion had put an end to the source of exceptionally beautiful female and brave male slaves from the Caucasians the women were highly prized in the harem, the men in the military. The great trade networks across North Africa were as much to do with the safe transportation of slaves as other goods. An analysis of prices at various slave markets shows that eunuchs fetched higher prices than other males, encouraging the castration of slaves before export. Documentation suggests that slaves throughout Islamic world were mainly used for menial domestic and commercial purposes. Eunuchs were especially prized for bodyguards and confidential servants; women as concubines and menials. A Muslim slave owner was entitled by law to use slaves for sexual pleasure. As primary source material becomes available to Western scholars, the bias towards urban slaves is being questioned. Records also show that thousands of slaves were used in gangs for agriculture and mining. Large landowners and rulers used thousands of such slaves, usually in dire conditions: of the Saharan salt mines, it is said that no slave lived there for more than five years.1 References Bernard Lewis ​Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry, Chapter 1 Slavery, Oxford Univ Press 1994.

2 Tricks for Remembering Greater Than and Less Than Signs

2 Tricks for Remembering Greater Than and Less Than Signs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What do those little sideways carat symbols mean? They're inequalities! Inequalities can be difficult to get a handle on, especially because the greater than and less than signs look so similar. But these symbols are very useful, because they help us show the relationship between numbers or equations in a way that doesn't just say that they're equal. In this article, we’ll be talking about what inequalities are, how they’re represented, and how to remember which sign means what. Not knowing what the signs mean may make your math homework feel something like this. What Are Greater Than and Less Than Signs For? Inequalities are math problems that don’t resolve with a clear â€Å"equals† answer- instead, they compare two things, demonstrating the relationship between them rather than showing that one is equal to another. Hence the name; â€Å"inequality† means that two things are not equal. We’re all familiar with the equal sign, â€Å"=† at this point in math. But â€Å"† and â€Å"† are not as common, let alone â€Å"≠¥Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"≠¤Ã¢â‚¬ . Here’s a chart to cover all the inequality symbols: Symbol Meaning Less than- the number on the left is less than the number on the right; 2 3 Greater than- the number on the left is greater than the number on the right; 3 2 ≠¤ Less than or equal to- the number on the left is less than or equal to the number on the right; 2 or 3 ≠¤ 3 ≠¥ Greater than or equal to- the number on the left is greater than or equal to the number on the right; 2 or 3 ≠¥ 2 ≠  Does not equal- the number on the left does not equal the number on the right; 2 ≠  3 Now we'll finally get to talk about why all these photos are of crocodiles. How to Remember Greater Than and Less Than Signs Though the greater than and less than signs have clear meanings, they can be kind of hard to remember. All of them look similar, with the exception of the â€Å"does not equal† sign. So how can you remember them? Alligator Method One of the best ways to memorize the greater than and less than signs is to imagine them as little alligators (or crocodiles), with the numbers on either side representing a number of fish. The alligator always wants to eat the larger number of fish, so whatever number the mouth is open toward is the larger number. The alligator’s mouth is open toward the 4, so even if we weren’t sure that 4 is a bigger number than 3, the sign would tell us. All inequality signs give us the relationship between the first number and the second, beginning with the first number, so 4 3 translates to â€Å"4 is greater than 3.† This also works the other way around. If you see 5 8, imagine the sign as a little alligator mouth about to chomp down on some fish. The mouth is pointed at the 8, which means that 8 is more than 5. The sign always tells us the relationship between the first number and the second, so 5 8 can be translated to â€Å"5 is less than 8.† When you’re working with inequalities, you can even draw little eyes on the symbols to help you remember which means which. These can be tricky to remember, so don’t be afraid to get a little creative until you really have them memorized! Rotateyour less than sign a little bit and you get an L for "less than!" L Method This method is pretty simple- †less than† starts with a letter L, so the symbol that looks most like an L is the one that means â€Å"less than.† looks more like an L than , so means â€Å"less than.† Because doesn’t look like an L, it can’t be â€Å"less than.† Equal Sign Method Once you’ve mastered the Alligator or L method, the other symbols are easy! â€Å"Greater than or equal to† and â€Å"less than or equal to† are just the applicable symbol with half an equal sign under it. For example, 4 or 3 ≠¥ 1 shows us a greater sign over half an equal sign, meaning that 4 or 3 are greater than or equal to 1. It works the other way, too. 1 ≠¤ 2 or 3 shows us a less than sign over half of an equal sign, so we know it means that 1 is less than or equal to 2 or 3. The â€Å"does not equal† sign is even easier! It’s just an equal sign crossed out. If you see an equal sign crossed out, it means that the equal sign doesn’t apply- thus, 2 ≠  3 means that 2 does not equal 3. Keep these things in mind and you'll look this happy about working with inequalities. Key Tips For Working With Inequalities Inequalities are tricky- we’re used to having a clear and concrete answer for math problems, butinequalities don't always give us that. When you're working with inequalities, keep these things in mind to help ease you through the process. Inequalities are All About Relationships Keep in mind as you’re working on inequalities that they’re typically asking you to solve for a relationship or to identify which symbol is appropriate rather than asking you to solve for a single number. You don’t need to end up with two numbers on either side of an equal sign to be right- the answer just needs to be true. Isolate Your Variables When you’re working with inequalities with variables, it’s important to remember that, in general, you’ll be trying to isolate the variable to one side or the other. Focus on condensing numbers and canceling things out when you can, always with the goal of getting the variable alone on either side of the equation. Negative Numbers Change the Greater Than or Less Than Sign Don’t forget that performing certain actions will flip the sign. When you multiply or divide by a negative number, you need to flip the â€Å"greater than† or â€Å"less than† sign along with it. Don't Multiply or Divide by a Variable- Most of the Time Unless you know for certain that a variable will always be positive or always be negative, don’t multiply or divide an inequality by a variable. What’s Next? Inequalities aren't the only tricky part of math- rational numbers can also be confusing! This guide will help walk you through what a rational number is and what they look like. Ever wondered how many zeroes are in big numbers? How many zeroes are there in a billion? How about a trillion? Need to get some practice in? These 5th-grade math games can help you hone your skills! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Melissa Brinks About the Author Melissa Brinks graduated from the University of Washington in 2014 with a Bachelor's in English with a creative writing emphasis. She has spent several years tutoring K-12 students in many subjects, including in SAT prep, to help them prepare for their college education. 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Family Nurse Practitioners at the University of Phoenix Essay

Family Nurse Practitioners at the University of Phoenix - Essay Example Additional to providing the service in the conventional settings like office, clinic, and emergency care center, FNP can also help the families in the variety of settings like school, home, workplace, hospital etc. All these challenging aspects of the FNP’s job have attracted me towards the profession. It won’t be wrong if I say that I have a natural flair for this profession. I was fortunate to grow up in a multicultural environment. It has made me fluent in the second language, which has proven be a great asset in my professional life. My enthusiasm and excellent communication skills have given me an ability to carry out my responsibilities smoothly even under strong pressures of meeting difficult deadlines. An opportunity to study professional degree course of MSN/FNP at the University Of Phoenix will enhance my communication and decision-making skills multifold and will help me become a complete professional. Being a thorough professional will help me achieve my future goal of helping underprivileged families and individuals who lack health insurance. Hence, by getting a masters degree in Oncology Nursing, I will be able to achieve personal growth and job satisfaction. I have a strong combination of ‘knowledge’ and ‘experience’ of FNP practice. My experience of working in a local county hospital and serving vulnerable and underprivileged patients has given me great satisfaction. I feel that there is a strong need to educate people on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to manage their diseases and to prevent future health problems. This not only will reduce the health problems of individuals but will also help in saving the community and national health budget. I am confident that with my abilities as FNP, I can help patients in curing their diseases as well as preventing their future health problems.

The differences between primary school in England and Saudi Arabia Essay

The differences between primary school in England and Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The extent to which the models and theories of education build experience for children has elicited interests among the researchers. The systems of education in Saudi Arabia and England offer different levels of experience because educators in both countries adopt different models of educational transmission. Experience constitutes the aspects of intellect and consciousness, which children acquire when they undergo learning processes. They constitute a combination of thought processes, emotion, will, perception and imagination (Rowe, Herrera, Hughes, & Cawley, 2012). The models used by teachers to transmit knowledge to primary school children largely determine the extent to which learners acquire desirable experiences in education. Superior experience refers to the ability of one education system having a higher potential to enhance children’s learning than the other system. Models of educating children are characterised by diverse features and are applicable in different contexts. Factors that lead to superior experience include the educations system of a country, the content of the curriculum, and learners’ autonomy; further details concerning these factors are discussed in the analysis part. Models that promote superior experience enhance development of children across all spectrum of life including economic, social, and political aspects (Bloxham & Boyd, 2012). Superior experience is achieved through educators and curriculum developers focusing on all dimensions of Bloom’s taxonomic units when developing and executing the curriculum. Bloom’s taxonomy consists of cognitive domain, affective domain and psychomotor domain. Additionally, superior experience results from having courses developed by educators who understand the reality of primary classrooms (Schneider, 2013). Experienced educators have the potential for reviewing and updating courses regularly to ensure activities,

Traditional or Logical Dead Poets Society Essay Example for Free

Traditional or Logical Dead Poets Society Essay In the movie Dead Poets Society, there are many disagreements on how the children should learn. The issue being discussed was everyone believed that the traditional way of teaching was a superior technique of education and the school did not want to change. Once Mr. Keating came into the picture and started teaching in a new way, administrators believed he was in the wrong by the way he taught. If the opinion of the students mattered then Mr. Keating’s way was the best. Not one of the students were ever allowed to live their life to the fullest but Keating showed the students how to have fun but still learn. This all came to an end when one student took his own life and Mr. Keating’s free ways of thinking were blamed. Although the school, Welton Academy, believed the traditional method was best, Mr. Keating’s method of teaching helped his students make their own decisions and do things for themselves. Mr. Keating’s way of teaching inspired the students to live their lives to the fullest, look at everything in different ways, and prepared them for the future by teaching them to make their own decisions and learn to do things their selves. Living their life to the fullest potential is one of the most important things that a person needs to focus on. A person needs to appreciate what they have been given and take advantage of it because they don’t know when it might be their last chance to do the activities that they want to do. Live it up and do your best because at the end of your life you should have no regrets. Living your life to the fullest a great thing to do. Mr. Keating had many different methods of teaching that helped better the students in life and make their own decisions. One of Mr. Keating’s methods of teaching was to show the kids to look at everything in more than one view. He told the all of his students to stand on top of the desk to get the best look of the room because it gives a fuller view of everything that needs to be taken in. Seeing things in different ways helps relate to the boys that everyone else may see the world in a different way. The bigger picture is not necessarily the best picture other people see things in diverse ways and take in the beauty in their own manner. Mr. Keating’s way of teaching is more inspiring to students because it varies in different learning environments. The technique teaches the students to think in new ways and helps them understand the teaching better. Also, learning new things in different places might add some interest to the subject, which may help raise grades and add a chance for the students to think for themselves. Every person is entitled to a way of learning that will better them in the long run. Understanding the way Mr. Keating’s teaches encourages the students of Welton Academy to live their lives to its fullest potential. Mr. Keating showed the students that it is alright to think for their selves make their own decisions. Most of the boys followed the decisions of their parents or had to follow in their brothers footsteps. The boys chose to make their own Dead Poets Society. Neil, one of the boys decided to join a play and Todd decided to throw his birthday present off the roof because he did not like it. All the boys did not know how to take charge until Mr. Keating taught them the phrase Carpe Diem which means seize the day. Some of the boys just blew it off and could care less and some boys took it to heart. As a result of one of the boys taking Carpe Diem to far one of the students ended up taking their own life. Although the movie ended tragically, the administrators blamed Mr. Keating. All of the boys just sat back and let everyone blame Mr. Keating. Todd Anderson stood up and used what Mr. Keating taught him and told the administrators that is was not Mr. Keating’s fault and that it was Neil’s choice.

Crtitical Thinking & Language Essay -- essays research papers

Our eyes met across the crowded lawn and instantly the dark clouds parted sending rays of light over his hard chiseled body. His steel arms, charcoal hair, and stealth waist made my knees buckle beneath me. All other sounds ceased and a peaceful melody played inside my soul as we slowly began to make our way toward one another. The unspeakable power of his eagle eyes cut into the dark depths of my soul. The tender touch between us sent shards of electricity through my receptive body. A jolt of excitement sent my thoughts soaring to the cold dark depths of despair. The monster of my heart opened the floodgates of past memories painfully stretching the uncultivated areas of my heart. His tender touch began to unravel the secret stranded within. Mending of our wounds began as two bodies entwined in unbridled love beneath a molten moon. The eternal strength of two hearts sealed with the offering of a single ring placed upon her left hand. Thought and language diversity is at the core of the human experience. Are we smart because we have language or do we have language because we're smart? Does the way we talk influence the way we think? Do people who speak different languages think differently? How about people who speak more than one language or those who cannot speak any language? The answers to these questions may be complicated but we can try to make sense of them by using critical thinking. The importance of language is immense; I believe that the more languag...

Baroque vs. Modern Pop

MUSI200 27 January 2013 Baroque Vs. Modern Pop The Western music known today has its roots in the musical practices found in Europe and the Middle East over twenty centuries ago. These musical practices, in turn, have their roots in ancient Greek and Roman practices which are detailed in musical and philosophical treatises of the time. Greek civilization, with its political structures, its architectural and musical attainments, and its great achievements in philosophy and poetry, has influenced European culture and in turn American culture (Hansen, 2012).I have taken two excerpts of music, Marin Marais (1656-1728) – Pieces a Une Viole du Premier Livre (1686) and a Pop group name R. E. M and there last concert at the BBC. I have chosen R. E. M because their music is based off of the Baroque era with a modern day flare. After listen to both pieces, I was touched by the Baroque era music. I enjoyed both concerts, but I think I enjoyed the Pop concert more than the Baroque concert . The Pop concert of course had more rhythm and the difference in instruments made a difference to me.The drums where the biggest difference, had my foot tapping and my head bobbing, and the Baroque concert had me in a state of relaxation and peace of mind. The music differs from one another through the type of instruments used. The Baroque music used piano and chello unlike the modern day music using acoustic instruments and percussions. They even used electric guitars. I think the biggest difference was the singing; I stated previously that the drums were the biggest difference but the singing was definitely the biggest difference.The Baroque had no singing in the entire concert. The music was similar in the instruments told a story even though the Baroque music did not have words it still told a story, you could almost imagine or maybe even visualize the story being told and at your own words to the music. The Pop music of course had words but even then if you remove the words fr om the music it had the same effect as the Baroque music. The roles of concerts in the Baroque era I think played a role in society that we lack today.Back then in those times people went to concerts to escape the everyday life and learn something new, it was like a story being told or news being passed. Musicians were highly revered not role models like the musicians of today. Pop concerts today we attend as a form of entertainment, we go to see our favorite band or singer. We don’t attend for the appreciation of music like they did in the Baroque days. Today we have a different kind of appreciation of music, it’s whoever is hot at the time, whatever song is the big hit at the moment.There are certain types of people that attend these types of concerts. The Baroque attendees, I would say a more intellectual type a person that loves the art of music, a person that really appreciate music. The Pop attendees, I would say are more care free and just want to have fun and n ot have to worry about anything but, having fun, a person that just wants to feel good and carefree for a moment. Our experiences with music are influenced by many factors. The biggest factor is the internet. We have access to things that we didn’t have back in the days before the internet.We can easily move music around and get the sound out to the masses. In the Baroque era it may have taken a year for one composer to get his music heard by the masses. In conclusion, the Baroque era and the Pop era are so different but yet so similar, I guess it would come down to ones own opinion of each type of music. I would think that any music lover would appreciate both eras of music. Works Cited Bethanie Hansen, Cathy Silverman, and David Whitehouse, Music Appreciation, 2012. Website (http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=poCRFiaoCLA) Website (http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=uaYVa1r0nlA)

Homework: Food and Patient

Homework 5 for Lesson 15 (Due on Wednesday, March 20) Read the passage below and answer the question. , , , , , , , , :â€Å" † Questions: (True/False) ( T ) 1. Li You cooked a tofu dish and invited Wang Hong to dinner. , ( T ) 2The tofu dish was the cause of Li You’s stomachache. ( F ) 3. When Li You went to the doctor, it took the doctor a long time to diagnose the problem. ( F ) 4. Li You asked Wang Peng to help her look for a new refrigerator. , , , , :† , , Questions: (True/False) ( T ) 1. Little Qian first met the doctor when she went to the hospital for her allergy. , ( F ) 2. According to Li You, Little Qian has suffered from her allergy for a long time. ( T ) 3. According to Li You, her allergy is Little Qian’s excuse for visiting that doctor. ( T ) 4. Liitle Qian’s allergy symptoms become worse when she sees the doctor. : : , : : : , , , , , : , , , : : : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦? ,! : , : , Questions: (True/False) ( F ) 1. The pa tient and the doctor meet in a restaurant. ( T ) 2.The patient has a stomachache. ( T ) 3. Neither the doctor nor the patient had dinner at home yesterday. ( T ) 4. The doctor urges the patient to take medicine as soon as possible. ( F ) 5. The doctor always dines at expensive restaurants. Multiple choice ( C ) 6. What is the doctor’s advice to the patient about dining out? _______ a. Go to more expensive restaurants where the food is tastier. , b. Go to more reputable restaurants where the food is more expensive. , c.Go to more expensive restaurants where the food is safer. , ( B ) 7. What can we say about the doctor? _______ a. He himself follows the advice he gives to his patient. b. He himself does not follow the advice he gives to his patient. c. He advices his patient to do things his way. ?this is a form that a new patient needs to fill out in hospitals in China. Try to fill out the form as much as you can, according to your own circumstances. And translate the charac ters and phrases that you can understand into English. ? Story telling: write a story in Chinese based on the four cartons below. Mare sure that your story has a beginning, middle and end. Also make sure that the transition from one picture to the next is smooth and logical. ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ———————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ————————————————-

Biology Field Study Essays

Biology Field Study Essays Biology Field Study Essay Biology Field Study Essay A general description of the area with reasons why the field study is being conducted. Geological overview Bicentennial Park which is located on the shoreline of Home bush Bay is a natural heritage site which features a vital wetland ecosystem and a large area of parkland colonized by a vast range flora and fauna. Within the park there are four communities of vegetation which are: Coastal Saltmarsh – a type of marsh that is intertidal between land and salty water, consisting of a group of salt-tolerant vegetation, grasses and other organisms. Historical Overview Gather information from first hand observations to construct food chains and food webs Explain trophic interactions between organisms in an ecosystem using food chains and food webs Describe the role of decomposers in ecosystems Measure a number of Abiotic factors to compare the mangrove and Saltmarsh environments Use quadrats to estimate the size of a population in an ecosystem Collect, analyse and present data to describe the distribution of species whose abundance has been estimated Consider the accuracy of population estimation strategies Identify factors determining the distribution of species whose abundance has been estimated Examine trends in population estimates for some plant and animal species in each environment Examine trends in population estimates for some plant and animal species within an ecosystem Justify the use of different sampling techniques to make population estimates when total counts cannot be performed Identify some adaptations of living things to factors in their environment Identify and describe in detail adaptation of a plant and an animal from the local ecosystem Analyse trends in a plant population using a transect Identify examples of allelopathy, parasitism, mutualism, and c ommensalism in an ecosystem and the role of organisms in each type of relationship Identify the impact of humans on the ecosystems studied {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Organisms specialisations for certain habitats In order for an organism to exist in this ecosystem, it must have certain characteristics which will allow it to tolerate the aforementioned conditions. This is referred to as an adaption. The majority of species have adapted to suit their individual habitats. The concept which is named ‘habitat requirement’ states that these specializations allow the organism to survive in one type of habitat but not necessarily in another. Changes in a habitat can be made by organisms that are free to move about such as animals, but these choices are made based upon the pros and cons of each place and the requirements of the organism. Aim: To determine the distribution of vegetation and changes in mangrove height along a transect. Location: {draw:rect} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Food web {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Food pyramid {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Calculating abundance of organisms Results We can calculate the total number of crab holes in the area by using the formula shown above where; Average number in quadrat = 23. 9 {draw:g} {draw:g} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} *Adaptations of the grey mangrove *and the mangrove snail the grey mangrove (avicennia marina) _ {draw:frame} _The pneumataphors form an Ariel root system and act as a ‘snorkel’ to the mangrove, allowing the plant to ‘breath’ air and obtain the oxygen needed for respiration. They need to absorb air through tiny pores on their surface called lenticels due to the lack of air diffusion between sediment grains within the soil, and the oxygen supply is transferred to all the parts of the plants including the underground roots. draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Adaptations of the Mangrove Snail _ {draw:frame} _Small Size: The maximum size that a mangrove snail can reach is approximately 1cm3. This allows the organism to be able to hide from predators more easily in places such as under leaves or branches, and hence making it harder to see. Human impacts *o*n the mangrove Long term effects of Pollution: _ {draw:frame} _ The altered behavior of nocturnal organisms due to light pollution. E. g. Birds who use the moon and stars for navigation will be disrupted and misled if too much light is present. Excessive unnatural light may also affect some predator-prey relationships and the competitive interactions of the animals. {draw:frame} If there is excessive noise pollution, animals within the network which depend on hearing to locate their prey may have extreme difficulties. Because of this, the organism will struggle to locate its food source, or companion, causing a lower chance of survival. Also, excessive and ongoing noise pollution will cause communication issues between a certain species, therefore disrupting their natural breeding patterns. If noise is not maintained, it may cause some offspring to not be produced i. e. ecreasing reproduction rates which may eventually cause the extinction of species within the environment. Questions Was there possible ways human error may have occurred? Discuss. Did you select the most accurate equipment and measurements for the measurements you conducted? Suggest how your methods could be adjusted to increase accuracy. To increase the acc uracy of the quadrat sampling method when measuring the height of the pneumataphors, these steps could have been taken: Double check the measurements recorded incase of human error. Repetition of the method by different people is advised to eliminate previous errors made such as misreading measurements and miscounting the pneumataphors. Random pneumataphors must be chosen in order to decrease the chance of a biased result. Quadrats should be placed at a regular distance such as 5m to increase consistency. In order to increase the accuracy of the results when measuring the Abiotic factors these steps could have been taken: Repeat each method several times and find the average of the total results. This increased the accuracy of the results and eliminates human errors. Ensure that the instructions are precisely followed. Generally, care should be taken when measuring any feature of an ecosystem as any wrong data will lead to a misconception of the lifestyle and actions of certain organisms. By: Julie Assi

Metal Elements From the Period Table Facts

Metal Elements From the Period Table Facts Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals. You use metals every day, but how much do you actually know about them? Here is a list of facts and trivia about metals. Facts About Metals The word metal derives from the Greek word metallon, which means to mine, excavate or extract from the ground.75% of all the elements on the periodic table are metals. The metals are subdivided into separate groups, such as basic metals, transition metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth, lanthanides, and actinides.At room temperature, all of the metals are solids except for mercury, which is a liquid.The most common metal found in the Earths crust is aluminum.Even though aluminum is abundant in the crust, the most abundant element in the entire Earth is iron, which makes up a large part of the Earths core.Up until Medieval Times, there were only 7 known metals, which were called the Metals of Antiquity. The Metals of Antiquity and their approximate discovery dates are:Gold (6000 BC)Copper (9000 BC)Silver (4000 BC)Lead (6400 BC)Tin (3000 BC)Iron (1500 BC)Mercury (1500 BC)Most metals are shiny and have a characteristic metallic luster.Most metals are good conductors o f heat and electricity. Many metals are heavy or dense, although some metals, such as lithium, are light enough to float on water!Most metals are hard.Most metals are malleable or may be beaten into a thin sheet.Many metals are ductile or capable of being draw into a wire.Many metals are sonorous or make a bells of radioactive metals that glow include plutonium (red from heat), radon (yellow to orange to red), and actinium (blue).Noble metals, such as silver, gold, and platinum, resist oxidation and corrosion in moist air. Precious metals have significant economic importance. Most of the precious metals also are noble metals, since its important for a currency to resist wear and tear. Examples of precious metals include gold and silver.Tungsten is the metal with the highest melting point. Only carbon, a nonmetal, has a higher melting point of all the elements.Steel is an alloy made from iron with other metals.Bronze is an alloy usually made from copper and tin.Brass is an alloy usually made from copper and zinc.

Define JCAHO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Define JCAHO - Essay Example The commission has no connection with government regulatory agencies. The joint commission cannot penalize any health organization for not meeting its set standards as it has no legal powers. Any health care organization that needs the commission’s accreditation undergoes a three year survey. After completion, the findings confidentiality has to be ensured (Brennan, 1991). However, the commission provides accreditation decision, award date and suggestions for improvement. This paper will look at the importance of the organization in the healthcare sector. JCAHO accredited organizations operate under set rules and regulations by the commission. They are required to recruit well trained members of staff. The staff members must be able to communicate and coordinate especially during emergencies. The organizations should not be understaffed as this endangers the patients’ life. The staff must display name tags with a color photo for easy identification. The members of staff should not disclose the patient’s confidential information. The patient has the right to information, and the care giver should give it. All drugs should be well labeled and appropriately preserved. The hospital should develop disaster management programs. The hospital must create a friendly environment to the patient that is pollution free (Brennan, 1991). The hospital should not discriminate the patient against sexual orientation or gender. The commission requires accredited hospitals to give patients a chance to file a complaint in regards to the treatment administered in the hospital. The commissions’ accreditation has been of immense advantage to health bodies and to the general public. It advocates for improved patient care and enhances safety. The awards show the organizations’ commitment to safety and quality medicare. It has provided a competitive advantage to the awarded hospitals boosting